Subsurface voids pose significant risks to geotechnical design. Accurately mapping these voids is fundamental for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocity read more an
Geotechnical exploration techniques are essential for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of non-invasive exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. These include boreholes, geophysical techniques suc
Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral concentration. These geophysical techniques often involve the observation of